Getting Statistics Assignments Right: SPSS, R, and What Markers Look For

Statistics assignments in Canada are marked mostly on interpretation, not computation. Running the test in SPSS or R earns a small share of the marks. Stating assumptions, reporting the correct statistics, and explaining what the result means in the study context earns the rest.

Before any test, check assumptions and say so in writing: normality, homogeneity of variance, independence, and sample size adequacy. Markers look for this line explicitly.

Report in full APA form: the test statistic, degrees of freedom, exact p value, and an effect size. A t test reported without Cohen's d is an incomplete answer in most Canadian psychology and nursing programs.

Tables beat prose for results, prose beats tables for meaning. Put the numbers in a table, then write one paragraph saying what changed, for whom, and by how much.

R versus SPSS: SPSS dominates Canadian psychology, nursing, and education programs; R dominates economics, statistics, and data science. Learn whichever your department grades in, and keep your script or syntax file, because markers increasingly ask for it.

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